The ban on euthanasia in the regulations of patients' rights: An evaluation from the viewpoint of patients, doctors, and nurses.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Since the amendments to the Regulation of Patients' Rights in May 2014, the concept of euthanasia and the validity of the decisions taken towards the end of life have been protected by the "Regulation Amending the Regulation of Patients' Rights." This research study was carried out using a triple Likert scale to record the opinions of patients, who were staying at the University Hospital, and doctors and nurses on the issues of the "euthanasia ban" and "taking personal decisions and requests into an account." METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional design using self-report questionnaires was used. This survey was carried out using a triple Likert type scale to determine the views of the patients receiving inpatient treatment, as well as the opinions of doctors and nurses on the subject of patients' rights. RESULTS: Four hundred and forty patients receiving inpatient treatment, 171 doctors, and 162 nurses in the University Hospital participated in the survey. Although the patients desired that their personal decisions be taken into consideration most, the nurses attached more importance than the other two groups to the issue of the right to the termination of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: It was found that more than half of the doctors, nurses, and patients expressed that it is important for a patient to have the right to make decisions regarding his/her own life. FNx01This was presented as an Oral Presentation at the 7th National Congress of Ethics and Medical Law on March 21, 2017.

Evaluation of moral intelligence of healthcare professionals via the "Survey for Measuring Moral Intelligence in the Provision of Healthcare Services" / Evaluación de la inteligencia moral de profesionales de la salud a través de la "Encuesta para medir la inteligencia moral en la prestación de servicios de salud" / Avaliação da inteligência moral de professionais de saúde via "Levantamento para Medir a Inteligência Moral na Provisão de Serviços de Cuidados à Saúde"

Abstract: Moral intelligence -through which an individual makes mental evaluation before taking action about a decision- is important in individual-centered healthcare. Using Lawshe Method, we designed the "Survey for Measuring Moral Intelligence in the Provision of Healthcare Services" with "equality", "empathy", "moral intelligence", "justice", "tolerance", "self-control", and "politeness" dimensions (α=.966). Age of the population (physicians and nurses) was 36.44±9.52, consisting 517 (65.5%) women, 538 married participants, 653 employed in public hospitals, and 352 had work experience of 8 hours/day. Using dimensions of this survey as skills is expected to ensure due diligence about rights and dignity in healthcare services.

Resumen: La inteligencia moral, mediante la cual un individuo realiza una evaluación mental antes de tomar medidas sobre una decisión, es importante en la atención médica centrada en el individuo. Usando el método Lawshe, diseñamos la "Encuesta para medir la inteligencia moral en la provisión de servicios de salud" con dimensiones de "igualdad", "empatía", "inteligencia moral", "justicia", "tolerancia", "autocontrol" y "cortesía" (α=.966). La edad de la población (médicos y enfermeras) era de 36.44±9.52, que consistía en 517 (65,5%) mujeres, 538 participantes casados, 653 empleados en hospitales públicos y 352 tenían una experiencia laboral de 8 horas/día. Se espera que el uso de las dimensiones de esta encuesta como habilidades garantice la debida diligencia sobre los derechos y la dignidad en los servicios de atención médica.

Resumo: Inteligência moral -através da qual um individuo faz uma avaliação mental antes de agir frente a uma decisão- é importante em cuidados à saúde centrados na pessoa. Usando o Método Lawshe, nós elaboramos o "Levantamento para Medir a Inteligência Moral na Provisão de Serviços de Cuidados à Saúde" com as dimensões "igualdade", "empatia", "inteligência moral", "justiça", "tolerância", "autocontrole" e "polidez (α=.966). A idade da população (médicos e enfermeiras) foi 36.44±9.52 anos, consistindo de 517 (65.5%) mulheres, 538 participantes casados, 653 empregados em hospitais públicos e 352 tinham experiência de trabalho 8 horas/dia. Usando dimensões deste levantamento como habilidades, espera-se que garanta a devida presteza sobre direitos e dignidade em serviços de cuidados à saúde.

A Cross-Sectional Study: Patient Privacy According to Doctors and Nurses.

Confidentiality is fundamental in building trust between patients and healthcare professionals. This research aims at presenting healthcare professionals' opinions on patient privacy, using a 5-point Likert-type scale titled "Opinion of the Healthcare Professionals on Patient Privacy," and 262 physicians' and 231 nurses' opinions were evaluated. Results showed that nurses and doctors working at emergency services got higher mean scores than those working at other units. Results revealed that doctors had the highest mean score for the item "It is important that the patient's body is not seen by other patients and professionals during the treatment," while nurses had the highest mean score for the item "I approach with due care to protect privacy in the work environment." Results of this work highlight that patient's right to privacy constitutes one of the most significant issues to be noted by healthcare professionals.

Patients' Perceptions of Nursing Care in a University Hospital.

Patient satisfaction with nursing is an important indicator of the quality of the nursing services. This study used The Patient Perception of Hospital Experience With Nursing (PPHEN) scale (Dozier, Kitzman, Ingersol, Holmberg, & Schultz, 2001) to determine the nursing care perception of patients in a Turkish tertiary care hospital. The study design was descriptive comparative and used convenience sampling. In total, 566 patients volunteered to take part in the study. The patient satisfaction level with nursing was found to be below average; patient satisfaction showed no meaningful differences between genders, marital status, or the clinics where the patient was hospitalized, but significantly higher levels of satisfaction were found with higher levels of education, younger age, higher incomes, and being employed. Overall, the patients considered that nursing care needs improvement, especially in terms of the provision of information and psychosocial support.

New concept in clinical care: proposal of a moral intelligence scale / Nuevo concepto en atención clínica: propuesta de una escala de inteligencia moral / Novo conceito em atenção clínica: proposta de uma escala de inteligência moral

Abstract: Effective communication, especially of those health professionals in management positions, contributes to the entire process of treating patients and can transform the quality of service into the processes of diagnosis, treatment and care. Managers with moral intelligence are able to distinguish right from wrong and can facilitate the relationship between health professionals and patients. The purpose of this study is to develop a scale to measure moral intelligence. The measurement tool created by the Lawshe method was applied to 789 health professionals. Following the calculations of the Content Validity Ratio and the Content Validity Index, the scale included 77 items. After applying it, with the subsequent exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, the scale received its final form with 47 items. The Cα value of the scale is 0.966. The scale has seven dimensions, and they have been defined as "equality", "empathy", "moral intelligence", "justice", "tolerance", "self-control" and "kindness". The Cα values for these dimensions are determined respectively as 0.922, 0.910, 0.874, 0.859, 0.799, 0.840 and 0.772; demonstrating that the scale allows to study the moral intelligence of nurses and doctors. The scale developed had high Cronbach alpha values for each component and element, indicating that the scale provides a survey with high validity to measure the moral intelligence of doctors and nurses. Factor analysis shows a statistically valid distribution of items and components. Taking into account the moral intelligence parameters in the provision of health services will contribute to accurately diagnose disorders, reduce patient anxiety, ensure a shorter hospital stay, reduce the number of patients transferred to other health centers, to prevent negligence, save time and achieve better workforce planning.

Resumen: La comunicación efectiva, especialmente de aquellos profesionales de la salud en puestos directivos, contribuye a todo el proceso de tratamiento de los pacientes y puede transformar la calidad del servicio en los procesos de diagnóstico, tratamiento y atención. Los gerentes con inteligencia moral son capaces de distinguir lo correcto de lo incorrecto y pueden facilitar la relación entre los profesionales de la salud y los pacientes. El propósito de este estudio es desarrollar una escala para medir la inteligencia moral. La herramienta de medición creada por el método Lawshe se aplicó a 789 profesionales de la salud. Siguiendo los cálculos de la Relación de Validez del Contenido y el Índice de Validez del Contenido, la escala incluyó 77 ítems. Después de aplicarlo, con el posterior análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio, la escala recibió su forma final con 47 ítems. El valor Cα de la escala es 0,966. La escala tiene siete dimensiones, y se han definido como "igualdad", "empatía", "inteligencia moral", "justicia", "tolerancia", "autocontrol" y "amabilidad". Los valores de Cα para estas dimensiones se determinan respectivamente como 0.922, 0.910, 0.874, 0.859, 0.799, 0.840 y 0.772; demostrando que la escala permite estudiar la inteligencia moral de enfermeras y médicos. La escala desarrollada tenía altos valores alfa de Cronbach para cada componente y elemento, lo que indica que la escala proporciona una encuesta con alta validez para medir la inteligencia moral de médicos y enfermeras. El análisis factorial muestra una distribución estadísticamente válida de ítems y componentes. Tomar en cuenta los parámetros de inteligencia moral en la provisión de servicios de salud contribuirá a diagnosticar trastornos con precisión, reducir la ansiedad de los pacientes, garantizar una estadía más corta en el hospital, reducir el número de pacientes transferidos a otros centros de salud, prevenir la negligencia, ahorrar tiempo y lograr una mejor planificación de la fuerza laboral.

Resumo: A comunicação efetiva, especialmente dos profissionais da saúde em cargos diretivos, contribui com todo o processo de tratamento dos pacientes e pode transformar a qualidade do serviço nos processos de diagnóstico, tratamento e atenção. Os gerentes com inteligência moral são capazes de distinguir o certo do errado e podem facilitar a relação entre os profissionais da saúde e os pacientes. O propósito deste estudo é desenvolver uma escala para medir a inteligência moral. A ferramenta de mensuração criada pelo Método Lawshe foi aplicada a 789 profissionais da saúde. Seguindo os cálculos da Relação de Validade de Conteúdo e o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo, a escala incluiu 77 itens. Depois de aplica-la, com a análise fatorial exploratória e confirmatória posterior, a escala recebeu sua forma final com 47 itens. O valor C! da escala é 0,966. A escala tem sete dimensões que foram definidas como "igualdade", "empatia", "inteligência moral", "justiça", tolerância", "autocontrole" e "amabilidade". Os valores de C! para estas dimensões foram, respectivamente, determinados como 0,922, 0,910, 0,874, 0,859, 0,799, 0,840 e 0,772, demonstrando que a escala permite estudar a inteligência moral de enfermeiras e médicos. A escala desenvolvida tinha altos valores de alfa de Cronbach para cada componente e elemento, o que indica que proporciona uma pesquisa com alta validade para medir a inteligência moral de médicos e enfermeiras. A análise fatorial mostra uma distribuição estatisticamente válida de itens e componentes. Ter em conta os parâmetros de inteligência moral na provisão de serviços de saúde contribuirá para diagnosticar transtornos com precisão, reduzir a ansiedade dos pacientes, garantir uma permanência mais curta no hospital, reduzir o número de pacientes transferidos para outros centros de saúde, prevenir a negligência, salvar tempo e lograr um melhor planejamento da força de trabalho.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma presenting with masses in the pineal and adrenal glands.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may offer several potential advantages in the evaluation of lymphoma with the additive value of H1-MRS for differential diagnosis. Even though lymphoma has unique imaging findings on CT and multiparametric MRI, definite diagnosis must be thoroughly established by histopathological examination.

Protective effect of pentoxifylline on oxidative renal cell injury associated with renal crystal formation in a hyperoxaluric rat model.

The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on the renal tubular cell injury and stone formation in a hyperoxaluric rat model induced by ethylene glycol and its possible underlying mechanisms. The study was performed with 30 male Wistar rats and randomized into three groups of teen. The sham-control (group 1) received only drinking water orally. The EG/untreated (group 2) received drinking water containing 0.75% EG for 4 weeks orally. The EG/PTX treated (group 3) received drinking water containing 0.75% EG for 4 weeks orally and PTX. Urine and blood were collected to determine some parameters. The kidneys were also removed for histological examination. Serum and urinary parameters were significantly improved in the EG/PTX treated. In the EG/PTX-treated group, the MDA, TOS and MPO activity reduced and the TAS, SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activities were increased markedly compared with the group 2. In urine of the group 2 rats, a large number of CaOx crystals were displayed and most tubules that contained crystals were dilated and showed degeneration, necrosis, and desquamation of the lining epithelium. Only few CaOx crystals were r in EG/PTX-treated animal's urine. Mild tissue damage was observed in PTX-treated rats. iNOS expression was significantly elevated in the group 2. In contrast, in the EG/PTX-treated group, eNOS expression in renal tubular epithelial cells was increased. Current study indicates that PTX may partially reduce renal tubular injury resulting from hyperoxaluria-induced oxidative and nitrosative stress.

Carvacrol attenuates histopathogic and functional impairments induced by bilateral renal ischemia/reperfusion in rats.

BACKGROUND: Renal ischemia/reperfusion injury is the most common cause of acute kidney injury, which frequent occurrence in critically ill patients. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Carvacrol (CARV) against bilateral ischemia reperfusion (I/R) in rats. METHODS: Renal I/R injury were induced by clamping of the left and right renal arteries for 45 min followed by 24 h of reperfusion. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to three groups (n = 10): the sham-control group, the renal I/R-untreated (I/R-untreated) group, and the I/R-CARV-treated group. At 2 h before reperfusion, the rats in the I/R- CARV -treated group rats received an i.p. injection of 75 mg/kg CARV. Renal function and histological changes were compared and the relevant parameters of oxidative stress and inflammation were detected. RESULTS: Compared to the sham-control group, I/R led to renal dysfunction as evidenced by higher plasma urea and creatinine along with increase in oxidative stress and histological changes in renal tissues. Treatment with CARV decreased urea, creatinine, and renal MDA and MPO levels, and increased SOD, CAT, GSH activity and eNOS expression in the kidney. In the I/R-CARV-treated group, minimal hydropic changes in the tubular epithelial cells and regeneration of tubular epithelium were observed. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that CARV treatment could reduce renal injury induced by bilateral renal I/R via anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and cytoprotective effects.

A rare malformation of the alimentary tract, tailgut cyst : a case report.

Tailgut cyst (cystic hamartoma) is a rare congenital pathology that arises -from post-natal primitive gut remnants in the retrorectal-presacral space. Because of the rarity of the lesion and the variability of the anatomical position, its diagnosis and surgical treatment are often difficult. Complete surgical excision of the multilocular and multicystic process prevents recurrent draining sinuses and eliminates the possibility of malignant change. We describe a case in which a tailgut cyst localized in the retrorectal and presacral space was characterized by abscess, repeated urinary tract infection, and rectal pain.

Effects of nicorandil on renal function and histopathology in rats with partial unilateral ureteral obstruction.

To evaluate the effects of nicorandil in a rat kidney model of partial unilateral ureteral obstruction (PUUO). Thirty male rats were randomly divided into three groups as follows: (1) Group 1 (Sham-control), ureters of the rats were manipulated but not ligated; (2) Group 2 (PUUO-untreated), PUUO was performed with two-thirds of the left ureter embedded in the psoas muscle; and (3) Group 3 (PUUO-nicorandil treated). After PUUO was established, nicorandil (15 mg/kg/day) was administered by gastric lavage for 21 days to determine its effects on PUUO-induced histopathological-, functional-, and oxidative stress-induced changes. The serum levels of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine were reduced in Group 3. The level of urinary albumin and the ratio of urinary protein/creatinine were increased in the kidneys of Group 2 but decreased in Group 3. Malondialdehyde value was decreased in Group 3 compared with Group 2. Antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase) were decreased in Group 2. Nicorandil treatment caused an increase in these enzyme activities. In Group 3, leukocyte infiltration and tubular dilatation were significantly reduced. Other parameters, such as degeneration of tubular epithelium and fibrosis, also showed a marked improvement in Group 3. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in Group 2 and expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in Group 3 were significantly elevated. Nicorandil can inhibit renal tubular damage and tubulointerstitial fibrosis by reducing the effects of oxidative stress after PUUO.

A case of laryngeal leiomyosarcoma and review of the literature.

Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) of the larynx is a very rare malignancy that originates from blood vessel, smooth muscle or from the heterotopic mesenchymal tissue in the larynx. The histological diagnosis of LMS depends on the immunohistochemical investigation. The case is here presented of an 82-year-old man with shortness of breath and hoarseness. Indirect laryngoscopy showed a pedunculated large glottic lesion causing airway obstruction. Direct laryngoscopy was performed and biopsies were taken. From the pathological examination, the diagnosis of LMS was made. This case is presented of laryngeal LMS with the clinical, radiological, and histological findings.

The polypeptide transport-associated (POTRA) domains of TpsB transporters determine the system specificity of two-partner secretion systems.

The two-partner secretion (TPS) systems of Gram-negative bacteria secrete large TpsA exoproteins by a dedicated TpsB transporter in the outer membrane. TpsBs contain an N-terminal module located in the periplasm that includes two polypeptide transport-associated (POTRA) domains. These are thought to initiate secretion of a TpsA by binding its N-terminal secretion signal, called the TPS domain. Neisseria meningitidis encodes up to five TpsA proteins that are secreted via only two TpsB transporters: TpsB1 and TpsB2. Of these two, the TpsB2 recognizes the TPS domains of all TpsAs, despite their sequence diversity. By contrast, the TpsB1 shows a limited recognition of a TPS domain that is shared by two TpsAs. The difference in substrate specificity of the TpsBs enabled us to investigate the role of the POTRA domains in the selection of TPS domains. We tested secretion of TPS domains or full-length TpsAs by TpsB mutants with deleted, duplicated, and exchanged POTRA domains. Exchanging the two POTRA domains of a TpsB resulted in a switch in specificity. Furthermore, exchanging a single POTRA domain showed that each of the two domains contributed to the cargo selection. Remarkably, the order of the POTRA domains could be reversed without affecting substrate selection, but this aberrant order did result in an alternatively processed secretion product. Our results suggest that secretion of a TpsA is initiated by engaging both POTRA domains of a TpsB transporter and that these select the cognate TpsAs for secretion.

Protective effects of rosmarinic acid against renal ischaemia/reperfusion injury in rats.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential protective effects of Rosmarinic acid (RA) on rats exposed to ischaemia/reperfusion renal injury. METHODS: The prospective study was conducted at Abant Izzet Baysal University, Turkey, and comprised 21 male Spraque Dawley rats weighing 250-270g each. They were divided into three equal groups. Unilaterally nephrectomised rats were subjected to 60 minutes of left renal ischaemia followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion. Group 1 had sham-operated animals; group 2 had ischaemia/reperfusion untreated animals; and group 3 had ischaemia/reperfusion animals treated with rosmarinic acid. Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, tissue malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities, and light microscopic findings were evaluated. SPSS 17 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Treatment of rats with rosmarinic acid produced a reduction in the serum levels of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen compared to the other groups. However, no statistically significant difference was found. The levels of malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase were decreased in the renal tissue of group 3, while glutathione peroxidose and superoxide dismutase levels remained unchanged. The injury score decreased in the treatment group rats compared to the untreated group. Rosmarinic acid significantly decreased focal glomerular necrosis, dilatation of Bowman's capsule, degeneration of tubular epithelium, necrosis in tubular epithelium, and tubular dilatation. CONCLUSIONS: Rosmarinic acid prevented ischaemia/reperfusion injury in the kidneys by decreasing oxidative stress.

Interleukin 10 reduces testicular damage in experimental testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the protective effect of interleukin 10 (IL-10) on biochemical and histopathologic changes in experimental testicular ischemia or reperfusion injury (RI) in rats. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, each containing 7 rats; sham-control, I-R/untreated group, and I/R treated with IL-10. The ischemia period was 6 hours, and orchiectomy was performed after 1 hour of detorsion. IL-10 was given intraperitoneally in a period of 10 minutes before reperfusion. In all groups, ipsilateral orchiectomies were performed to make histologic examination and biochemical analysis such as malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, and myeloperoxidase (MPO). RESULTS: IL-10 treatment significantly decreased the I-R-induced elevation in testes malondialdehyde levels. In the I-R/IL-10-treated group, testes glutathione peroxidase levels were increased compared with the I-R/untreated group rats. MPO activities were significantly increased in the testes tissues of the I-R/untreated group. However, in the I-R/IL-10-treated group, MPO levels significantly decreased. Histopathologically, in the I-R/untreated group rats, edema, congestion, hemorrhage among seminiferous tubules, and necrosis of the germinal cells were predominant features in sections. The testicular injury score was lower in the IL-10-treated group rats compared with the I-R/untreated group. CONCLUSION: IL-10 might play a protective role in reducing reperfusion injury.

Carbon dioxide insufflation causes upper urinary tract injury in the early period of an experimental vesicoureteral reflux model.

PURPOSE: Ureteral reimplantation via pneumovesicum is a new aspect of vesicoureteral reflux management. We aimed to determine the effects of carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation on the upper urinary tract in an experimental model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty New Zealand rabbits were allocated into five groups of six rabbits each. Right ureters were cannulated for CO2 insufflation in four groups. The pressures and durations of CO2 insufflation in the respective groups were as follows: Group A (10 mm Hg, 2 h); B (12 mm Hg, 2 h); C (10 mm Hg, 4 h); and D (12 mm Hg, 4 h) and control (E). Blood gas analysis, urea and creatinine levels were measured from renal veins and aorta. Histopathological evaluation of the renal parenchyma and ureters was scored. RESULTS: Significant histopathological changes were detected in the ipsilateral ureter and renal parenchyma exposed to CO2 insufflation, predominantly observed in groups insufflated for longer durations, p < 0.05. Blood gases drawn separately from renal veins were significantly more acidotic, and serum urea and creatinine levels were increased in all the groups, p < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: CO2 causes significant histopathological and biochemical changes in the early period. Long-term results are required to determine whether permanent renal injury occurs.

Lithospermic acid and ischemia/reperfusion injury of the rat small intestine prevention.

BACKGROUND: Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (I-R) injury of different causes, including cardiac insufficiency, sepsis, vasodepressant and cardiodepressant drugs, and complications of long-lasting surgery, represents a major clinical problem. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether lithospermic acid (LA) can reduce oxidative stress and histological damage in the rat small bowel subjected to mesenteric I-R injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was performed on three groups of animals, each composed of 7 rats: the SO (sham operation) group, the I-R/Untreated group and the I-R/LA (I-R plus LA pretreatment) group. Intestinal ischemia for 45 minutes and reperfusion for 60 minutes were applied. Ileum specimens were obtained to determine the tissue level of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities and histological changes. RESULTS: Untreated intestinal I-R resulted in increased tissue MDA and MPO levels and diminished SOD and GPx activities. These changes were found to be almost reversed in the LA treatment group. Histopathologically, the intestinal injury in rats treated with LA was less than the untreated I-R group. CONCLUSIONS: Lithospermic acid attenuates mesenteric ischemia reperfusion injury in rat intestines by increasing tissue SOD and GPx activities and decreasing MDA and MPO levels. Lithospermic acid also improves morphological alterations which occurred after periods of reperfusion.

Transanal protrusion of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter.

A two years old boy presented with a transanal protrusion of the ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt catheter. A VP shunt was inserted when the boy was six-month-old for congenital hydrocephalus. He was active and neurologically normal, with no signs of meningitis and peritoneal irritation. During laparotomy, the tube was seen entering the sigmoid colon, so the tube was cut at the point where it entered the sigmoid colon. The distal end of the protruding tube was pulled out from the anus. The sigmoid colon was repaired, and a delayed shunt revision was completed. The patient was discharged without abdominal and neurological deterioration.

Effect of sirolimus on renal injury induced by bile duct ligation in rats / Efeito do sirolimo na lesão renal induzida pela ligadura do ducto biliar em ratos

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of sirolimus (SRL) on renal injury in rats with bile duct ligation. METHODS: A total of 21 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 220-260g were used. Group 1 (Sham-control, n=7) rats were undergone laparotomy alone and bile duct was just dissected from the surrounding tissue. Group 2 rats (BDL/Untreated, n=7) were subjected to bile duct ligation and no drug was applied. Group 3 rats (BDL/SRL, n =7) received a daily dose of sirolimus (0.5 mg·day-1xkg-1 dissolved 1 ml in saline) by orogastric tube for 14 days after BDL. At the end of the two-week period, biochemical and histological evaluation were processed. RESULTS: AST, ALT, AP and TB levels values were decreased in group 3 when compared to group 2. There was no significant difference in serum levels of BUN and creatinine among all the experimental groups. Histological evaluation of the liver of BDL/Untreated group rats demonstrated marked portal fibrosis and signs of major bile duct obstruction with prominent portal and lobular inflammation. In BDL/SRL group, moderate damage was seen. Tubular injury scores were higher in the BDL subgroups; however, group 3 rats showed considerably fewer lesions in the tubules and interstitium compared to the group 2 rats. In group 2 animals, in the epithelial cells of proximal tubules presented vacuoles and hydropic changes, atrophy and inflammatory cell infiltrate in the medullar interstitium. CONCLUSIONS: Sirolimus decreased tubulointerstitial lesions in kidney induced by bile duct ligation in rats. The improve effects of sirolimus on renal morphology can be due to improved liver function or due to direct action on the kidney.

OBJETIVO: Investigar os efeitos do sirolimo (SRL) na lesão renal induzida pela ligadura do ducto biliar em ratos. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 21 ratos Sprague-Dawley pesando entre 220-260 g. Grupo 1 (Sham-controle, n=7) submetidos a laparotomia e o ducto biliar dissecado do tecido circundante. Grupo 2 (BDL/Não tratado, n=7) foram submetidos a ligadura do ducto biliar e nenhuma droga foi aplicada. Grupo 3 (BDL/SRL, n=7) receberam dose diária de sirolimo (0,5 mg dia-1xkg-1 dissolvido em 1 ml em solução salina) por tubo orogástrico por 14 dias após BDL. Após duas semanas era realizada avaliação bioquímica e histológica. RESULTADOS: Níveis de AST, ALT, AP e TB estavam diminuídos no grupo 3 comparado ao grupo 2. Não houve diferença significante nos níveis séricos de BUN e creatinina em todos os grupos. Observou-se na avaliação histológica evidente fibrose portal e sinais de obstrução do ducto biliar com evidente inflamação portal e lobular. No grupo BDL/SRL verificou-se dano moderado. Lesão tubular foi maior nos subgrupos BDL; entretanto, o grupo 3 mostrou considerável menos lesões nos túbulos e interstício comparados ao grupo 2. No grupo 2 as células epiteliais dos túbulos proximais apresentaram vacúolos e alterações hidrópicas, atrofia e infiltrado celular inflamatório no interstício medular. CONCLUSÕES: Sirolimo diminuiu lesões tubulointersticial no rim induzida pela ligadura do ducto biliar em ratos. Os efeitos benéficos do sirolimo na morfologia renal pode ser devida à melhora da função hepática ou devido à ação direta no rim.

Effect of sirolimus on renal injury induced by bile duct ligation in rats.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of sirolimus (SRL) on renal injury in rats with bile duct ligation. METHODS: A total of 21 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 220-260 g were used. Group 1 (Sham-control, n=7) rats were undergone laparotomy alone and bile duct was just dissected from the surrounding tissue. Group 2 rats (BDL/Untreated, n=7) were subjected to bile duct ligation and no drug was applied. Group 3 rats (BDL/SRL, n =7) received a daily dose of sirolimus (0.5 mg·day(-1) x kg(-1) dissolved 1 ml in saline) by orogastric tube for 14 days after BDL. At the end of the two-week period, biochemical and histological evaluation were processed. RESULTS: AST, ALT, AP and TB levels values were decreased in group 3 when compared to group 2. There was no significant difference in serum levels of BUN and creatinine among all the experimental groups. Histological evaluation of the liver of BDL/Untreated group rats demonstrated marked portal fibrosis and signs of major bile duct obstruction with prominent portal and lobular inflammation. In BDL/SRL group, moderate damage was seen. Tubular injury scores were higher in the BDL subgroups; however, group 3 rats showed considerably fewer lesions in the tubules and interstitium compared to the group 2 rats. In group 2 animals, in the epithelial cells of proximal tubules presented vacuoles and hydropic changes, atrophy and inflammatory cell infiltrate in the medullar interstitium. CONCLUSIONS: Sirolimus decreased tubulointerstitial lesions in kidney induced by bile duct ligation in rats. The improve effects of sirolimus on renal morphology can be due to improved liver function or due to direct action on the kidney.

Montelukast protects against testes ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.

INTRODUCTION: In this study, we investigate the effect of montelukast on histologic damage induced by testicular torsion-detorsion in rats. METHODS: Twenty-one male Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into 3 groups, each containing 7 rats. A sham operation was performed in group 1 (control). In group 2 (ischemia-reperfusion [IR]/untreated), 1-hour detorsion of the testis was performed after 6 hours of unilateral testicular torsion. In group 3 (I-R/dextroamphetamine), after performing the same surgical procedures as in group 2, montelukast was given intraperitoneally. In all experimental rats, ipsilateral orchiectomies were performed for histological examination and tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione and myeloperoxidase assays. RESULTS: Montelukast treatment significantly decreased the I-R-induced elevation in testes tissue MDA and glutathione levels were found to be preserved. The level of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was significantly increased in the testes tissue of the IR/untreated group. However, in I-R/montelukast treatment group significantly decreased testes tissue MPO level. Histopathologically, the in the group 2 rats, edema, congestion, hemorrhage between seminiferous tubules and necrosis of the germinal cells were predominant features in sections. However, most of the specimens in the montelukast treated group 3 showed grades-I and II injury. Additionally, the testicular injury score was lower in group 3 rats compared with group 2. CONCLUSION: The current findings demonstrate that the montelukast decreased the severity of testicular injury by reversing the oxidative effects of testes I-R.